Policies

The Brooklyn Research and Publishing Institute (BRPI) is committed to upholding the highest standards of academic integrity, transparency, and ethical publishing. This section outlines the comprehensive policies that govern manuscript submission, peer review, publication, and post-publication practices across all BRPI journals. These policies are designed to provide clarity and guidance for authors, reviewers, and editors, ensuring a fair, rigorous, and consistent process from submission to publication.

All stakeholders are expected to familiarize themselves with these policies prior to engaging with the journal, as adherence to these standards is essential for maintaining the credibility, quality, and trustworthiness of scholarly communication. By following these guidelines, authors and reviewers contribute to a transparent, accountable, and ethically responsible publishing environment.

Submission Policy

BRPI strives to provide a transparent, efficient, and author-friendly submission process that upholds the highest standards of scholarly publishing. This policy outlines the procedures for submitting manuscripts, including required materials, formatting expectations, and ethical considerations. By providing clear guidance on submission methods, deadlines, conflict of interest disclosures, and editorial discretion, BRPI ensures a fair and rigorous peer review process while facilitating a smooth experience for authors. Adherence to this policy helps maintain the integrity, quality, and accessibility of research published in BRPI journals.

How to Submit

Authors are invited to submit their articles through the online submission portal.

If any difficulties arise, manuscripts may also be submitted via email to the Executive Editor at editor@thebrpi.org. In such cases, authors must provide all required information in a structured format similar to the online system. At a minimum, submissions should include two files: (1) a title page with all authors and funding information, and (2) an anonymous full manuscript including the abstract and keywords. To maintain the blind peer review process, the full manuscript file should not contain any author information, including the corresponding author’s name or affiliation.

Incomplete submissions will be returned to the authors for completion before they can be considered for review.

Submission Deadline

Submissions are open throughout the year. Manuscripts may be submitted at any time through the online submission portal.

Manuscript Preparation/Formatting

Manuscripts may be submitted in any readable scholarly format. To simplify the submission process, BRPI seeks to minimize the burden on authors by accepting manuscripts in flexible formats rather than requiring strict adherence to a specific style at the initial stage. Once accepted, the BRPI editorial team will format the final version according to the journal’s official layout. Authors may, however, choose to follow BRPI’s Manuscript Submission Guidelines or a standard scholarly style, such as APA, to facilitate the review and publication process.

Conflict of Interest Disclosure

All authors must disclose any potential conflicts of interest and confirm their contributions to the research.

Publication Fees and Waiver

Authors are advised to review BRPI’s Publication Fee and Waiver Policy before submitting their manuscript.

Editorial Discretion

Submissions that do not meet the journal’s manuscript submission policy and ethical standards may be returned without review.

Reviewer Suggestions by Authors (Optional)

Authors may suggest potential peer reviewers during manuscript submission. Suggested reviewers should be experts in the relevant field and have no conflicts of interest with the authors. For each suggested reviewer, the full name, institutional affiliation, and professional email address should be provided. While all suggestions will be carefully considered by the editorial team, inclusion does not guarantee selection. The final decision regarding reviewer assignment rests solely with the editorial board to ensure an objective and unbiased review process.

For further details on submission matters, please contact the Executive Editor at editor@thebrpi.org.

Peer Review Policy

At the Brooklyn Research and Publishing Institute (BRPI), the highest standards of academic integrity, transparency, and rigor are maintained throughout the peer review process. All submitted manuscripts undergo formal peer review to ensure scholarly excellence, methodological soundness, and alignment with the journal’s scope.

Peer Review Models

BRPI employs one of the two peer review models, depending on the nature of the journal and the subject matter of the submitted manuscript:

Double-Blind Peer Review: The identities of both authors and reviewers are concealed to ensure objectivity and eliminate potential bias.

Single Peer Review: In some cases—particularly in niche or highly specialized fields—a single expert reviewer may be assigned. However, the process remains fully blind, meaning the identities of both the reviewer and the author are kept confidential.

In all cases, reviewer anonymity is strictly preserved, and authors are never informed of the reviewers’ identities during the review process.

Reviewer Selection and Evaluation Criteria

Each manuscript submitted to a BRPI journal is evaluated by a minimum of two independent reviewers under the double-blind peer review model, and by one independent reviewer in cases where the single-reviewer model is applied. Reviewers are carefully selected by the editorial team based on their demonstrated expertise in the subject area, strong academic credentials, and relevant publication history. Additionally, reviewers must have a solid understanding of the journal’s disciplinary focus and methodological approaches to ensure a thorough and informed assessment.

During the peer review process, reviewers evaluate manuscripts according to several key criteria. These include the originality of the research and its contribution to the field, the soundness of the methodology and research design, and the clarity and coherence of the manuscript’s presentation. Reviewers also assess the significance and relevance of the work to the journal’s scope, as well as the accuracy of data interpretation and the appropriateness of referencing. This comprehensive evaluation ensures that all published work meets the highest academic standards.

Reviewer Suggestions by Authors (Optional)

Authors may suggest potential peer reviewers during manuscript submission. Suggested reviewers should be experts in the relevant field and have no conflicts of interest with the authors. For each suggested reviewer, the full name, institutional affiliation, and professional email address should be provided. While all suggestions will be carefully considered by the editorial team, inclusion does not guarantee selection. The final decision regarding reviewer assignment rests solely with the editorial board to ensure an objective and unbiased review process.

Transparency and Reviewer Acknowledgement

BRPI is committed to fostering transparency in scholarly communication and upholding the integrity of the peer review process. To support this commitment, reviewer contributions are publicly acknowledged. Upon final publication, reviewer information is included—where applicable—in both the review report shared with authors and on the published article’s webpage. Details typically provided include the reviewer’s full name, ORCID iD, and institutional email address. In certain cases, and only with explicit permission, a contact number may also be listed. This transparent practice enhances accountability and ensures that reviewers receive appropriate recognition for their vital role in maintaining academic quality and integrity.

Review Timeline and Decision Process

The standard peer review process at BRPI generally takes 2 to 3 weeks, depending on reviewer availability and manuscript complexity. Certain journals may offer an accelerated review cycle of up to two weeks for submissions that meet specific editorial criteria.

Step 1: The review process begins with an initial editorial screening to assess the manuscript’s relevance to the journal and compliance with submission guidelines.

Step 2: Manuscripts deemed suitable are assigned to qualified reviewers based on subject expertise.

Step 3: Reviewers provide detailed evaluations and recommendations, which may result in one of four editorial decisions: Accept, Minor Revisions, Major Revisions, or Reject.

Step 4: If revisions are required, the revised manuscript is typically returned to the same reviewers to ensure consistency and maintain quality control.

Step 5: The final decision is made by the editorial board, considering all reviewer feedback and the manuscript’s overall suitability for publication.

Post-Acceptance and Publication

Once a manuscript is accepted, the corresponding author is notified and requested to pay the applicable publication fee. The author is informed of the anticipated online publication date.

Publication Policy

At the Brooklyn Research and Publishing Institute (BRPI), a strong commitment is maintained to transparent, ethical, and accessible scholarly communication. This publication policy defines the standards and procedures governing publication fees, copyright, scheduling, DOI assignment, galley proof review, and post-publication processes for all BRPI journals.

Open Access and Licensing

BRPI follows a Gold Open Access publishing model, ensuring that all articles are immediately and freely accessible to readers worldwide, without subscription or paywall barriers. To support the sustainability of open access publishing, a publication fee is applied upon acceptance of a manuscript.

All published articles are distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0). This license permits others to copy, distribute, adapt, and reuse the work for any lawful purpose, provided proper attribution is given. Authors retain full copyright and all intellectual property rights to their work, ensuring both recognition and control over its use.

Publication Fee

BRPI operates a two-tier publication fee structure to support open access publishing. Authors from high- and middle-income countries are required to pay a publication fee of USD 400 per accepted manuscript. A reduced fee of USD 300 is applied to authors from low-income countries, as well as to eligible PhD scholars and unemployed researchers. The publication fee is charged only after a manuscript has successfully undergone peer review and has been formally accepted for publication.

Read the publication fee and waiver policy at BRPI.

Publication Schedule

BRPI follows a continuous publication model. Once a manuscript is accepted and the publication fee is confirmed, the paper is published within seven (7) days, provided the author completes all required steps on time. These steps include final proofreading and confirmation or update of the authors’ email addresses, ORCID iDs (optional), and short biographies.

Delays may occur if authors take additional time to review the galley proof or fail to provide the required materials within the specified deadline.

DOI Assignment and Crossmark

The Brooklyn Research and Publishing Institute (BRPI) is an independent member of Crossref (Membership ID: 53875). As part of this membership, BRPI assigns a Digital Object Identifier (DOI) to each accepted manuscript. The DOI is displayed beneath the author’s institutional affiliation in the final published version and serves as a permanent, citable link to the article. This unique identifier ensures accurate indexing, facilitates citation, and guarantees long-term accessibility of the work.

Each article also features a Crossmark icon, providing a direct link to the most current version of the publication. Through Crossref’s Crossmark service, readers can verify the article’s status, check for updates or corrections, and access related editorial information, thereby supporting transparency and maintaining scholarly integrity.

Galley Proof

Prior to final publication, a galley proof of the manuscript is provided to the authors for review. This stage enables authors to request any necessary corrections or formatting adjustments to ensure the manuscript meets the journal’s publication standards. Galley proofs are typically issued within three (3) working days following confirmation of the publication fee payment.

Acceptance Letter and Publication Fee Receipt

Following confirmation of the publication fee, the editorial office issues both the official acceptance letter and the fee receipt within three (3) working days. These documents serve as formal confirmation of payment and final acceptance for publication.

Publication Notice

Upon online publication, the Executive Editor notifies the corresponding author, providing access to the publication link and a downloadable PDF version of the published article. Once the annual volume is complete, a compiled master file—including all published articles, the journal’s cover page, front and back matter, and masthead—is made available online.

Publication Certificate

Upon online publication, authors receive an official Publication Certificate within three (3) working days. This certificate serves as formal documentation of the article’s publication and includes the names and institutional affiliations of all authors, their ORCID iDs, the full paper title, the Digital Object Identifier (DOI), details of peer reviewers involved in the review process, and the publication history, including submission, revision, and acceptance dates. The Publication Certificate provides verifiable proof of publication for academic, professional, and reporting purposes.

Corrections and Withdrawal

Post-publication corrections may be requested in cases of significant error. Such requests should be submitted to the Executive Editor within fourteen (14) days of publication. Approved corrections are made at no additional cost. For withdrawal requests after publication, an official written request must be submitted to the Executive Editor. The retraction process will be handled in accordance with the journal’s editorial and ethical policies.

Authors are advised to review the detailed Manuscript Withdrawal Policy for further information.

Indexing, Archiving, and Dissemination

All articles published by BRPI are indexed and archived in leading academic platforms, including Crossref, CrossMark, Google Scholar, ORCID, ResearchGate, SSRN, Academia.edu, and Scilit. Authors are encouraged to deposit their work in institutional repositories or publicly accessible databases and to link their publication, including its DOI, to their ORCID profile or other relevant platforms to ensure accurate attribution and discoverability. To further enhance visibility, authors may share their published work across academic and professional networks, as well as on social media platforms such as LinkedIn, Facebook, Instagram, and X (formerly Twitter).

Publication Ethics Policy

Commitment to Ethical Review

BRPI upholds internationally recognized standards of peer review and publishing ethics in accordance with the principles set forth by the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE). All reviews are conducted with fairness, confidentiality, and academic integrity.

In alignment with COPE and other internationally recognized ethical publishing practices, BRPI adheres to established guidelines covering author responsibilities, peer reviewer ethics, and journal management. Key principles include avoiding plagiarism, data fabrication, and ghost authorship, while promoting transparency, the publication of negative results, correction of errors, and ethical editorial practices.

Author Responsibilities

Maintaining the highest standards of ethical conduct is fundamental to scholarly publishing. BRPI expects authors to uphold these standards as part of their contribution to the integrity, accuracy, and transparency of the research record. Authors publishing with BRPI play a critical role in ensuring that the scholarly content disseminated through BRPI’s platforms is trustworthy and credible.

Key responsibilities for authors include honesty in reporting, accountability for all content, disclosure of conflicts of interest, proper attribution of contributions, and prompt correction of errors. By adhering to these principles, authors help maintain the credibility of publications, foster trust within the academic community, and support the dissemination of reliable and reproducible knowledge.

Peer Reviewer Responsibilities

Peer reviewers are essential partners in BRPI’s mission to maintain the quality, integrity, and credibility of scholarly publishing. Through the peer review process, manuscripts are evaluated against rigorous academic and ethical standards before publication.

Reviewers are expected to provide objective and constructive feedback, maintain confidentiality, disclose potential conflicts of interest, complete reviews in a timely manner, and accept assignments only when they have the appropriate expertise. At BRPI, compliance with these principles enables the organization to sustain a fair, transparent, and efficient review process that benefits authors, readers, and the broader research community.

Editorial Responsibilities

At BRPI, editors play a central role in upholding the integrity, fairness, and transparency of the scholarly publishing process. They are entrusted with ensuring that editorial decisions, journal policies, and publication oversight consistently reflect the highest ethical and academic standards.

Editors are responsible for making impartial decisions based on scholarly merit, ensuring transparency in peer review, implementing clear policies for governance and misconduct, correcting the scholarly record when necessary, maintaining confidentiality, and promoting the publication of well-conducted studies regardless of their outcomes.

By adhering to these principles, BRPI and its editorial teams safeguard the quality of published research, uphold ethical practices, and strengthen trust within the global academic community.

Plagiarism and Originality

The Brooklyn Research and Publishing Institute (BRPI) upholds the highest standards of academic integrity and originality. Authors submitting manuscripts must ensure that their work is entirely original and that any material, ideas, or data taken from other sources are properly cited and acknowledged. Plagiarism in any form—including verbatim copying, close paraphrasing, or unauthorized use of another’s work—constitutes unethical publishing behavior and is unacceptable. All submissions are subject to plagiarism screening prior to publication.

For more detailed information, please refer to BRPI’s Plagiarism Policy.

Withdrawal Policy

The Brooklyn Research and Publishing Institute (BRPI) is dedicated to maintaining transparency, accountability, and the highest ethical standards in scholarly publishing. Withdrawal of manuscripts after submission or publication is a serious matter that affects authors, editors, reviewers, and the integrity of the academic record.

Authors are therefore strongly encouraged to review all relevant editorial and financial policies—particularly the Publication Fee and Waiver Policy—before submitting a manuscript. Submission to a BRPI journal constitutes acknowledgment and acceptance of all publication policies and associated responsibilities.

1. General Principles

Submission of a manuscript initiates the formal editorial process, involving substantial administrative and professional resources. Once a manuscript has been submitted, authors are expected to remain committed to completing the review and publication process.

Withdrawal requests are only considered under exceptional circumstances and must be submitted in writing by the corresponding author, with the explicit consent of all co-authors. Unauthorized or informal withdrawal attempts, such as failure to respond to editorial communications, are regarded as unethical and may result in sanctions, including notification to the author’s institution or relevant indexing agencies.

2. Withdrawal Before Peer Review

If a withdrawal request is made before a manuscript is sent for peer review, the editorial office will generally approve the request without financial penalty, provided that the reason is clearly explained and deemed valid. However, frequent or repetitive submissions followed by withdrawal without valid justification may be interpreted as an abuse of the submission system and could influence future submissions to BRPI journals.

3. Withdrawal After Peer Review Commencement

Once a manuscript has entered the peer review process, withdrawal is not permitted under normal circumstances. Peer review requires significant time and effort from editors and reviewers, and withdrawing a manuscript at this stage compromises the integrity and efficiency of the academic evaluation process.

In exceptional and legitimate cases, withdrawal may be considered under the following circumstances:

• Discovery of significant unintentional errors that invalidate the study.
• Proven duplicate submission made inadvertently.
• Serious authorship disputes or legal issues that prevent continuation of the review process.

If a withdrawal is approved after peer review has begun, the corresponding author must remit 60% of the total publication fee to cover editorial and administrative costs already incurred. Requests motivated by dissatisfaction with reviewer feedback, editorial timelines, or alternative publication opportunities will not be accepted as valid grounds for withdrawal.

4. Withdrawal After Acceptance

Once an article has been accepted for publication, withdrawal is only permitted in extremely rare and well-documented cases. At this stage, the manuscript is considered an integral part of the journal’s production schedule and scholarly record.

Requests for withdrawal after acceptance will only be reviewed in cases involving proven ethical, legal, or authorship disputes. Approved withdrawals at this stage remain subject to the 60% publication fee charge as stipulated for post-review withdrawals.

5. Post-Publication Withdrawal Policy

Once an article has been published online, it is part of the official scholarly record and cannot be withdrawn at the discretion of the authors. Post-publication withdrawal is reserved exclusively for extraordinary situations involving:

• Verified cases of data falsification, plagiarism, or research misconduct
• Ethical or legal violations that necessitate removal of the article.
• Situations where continued public availability of the article poses a risk of defamation, privacy infringement, or legal noncompliance.

Such cases are evaluated in accordance with the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) guidelines. If withdrawal is approved, the article will remain accessible online but clearly marked as “Withdrawn” with a formal withdrawal notice explaining the reason. This approach ensures transparency and preservation of the academic record.

Under no circumstances will publication fees be refunded following post-publication withdrawal, regardless of the reason. Publication charges cover the costs of editorial processing, peer review management, digital archiving, and dissemination, which remain valid and unrecoverable even if a paper is later withdrawn.

6. Procedure for Withdrawal Requests

To request withdrawal at any stage, the corresponding author must send a formal email to the editorial office, including:

• The manuscript title and submission identification number.
• Full list of authors and their institutional affiliations.
• A detailed justification for the withdrawal request.
• Written confirmation from all co-authors consenting to the withdrawal.

The editorial office will review the request, assess its validity, and issue a formal decision in writing. No manuscript will be considered withdrawn unless the editorial office has provided written confirmation of approval.

7. Policy Acknowledgment

By submitting a manuscript to BRPI, authors confirm that they have thoroughly reviewed and understood this Withdrawal Policy, including the associated financial obligations. Authors acknowledge that:

• Manuscripts under peer review cannot be withdrawn except for legitimate, documented reasons.
• Withdrawals approved after the start of peer review require payment of 60% of the total publication fee.
• Withdrawals after publication do not qualify for any refund of publication fees, regardless of the circumstances.

This policy safeguards the integrity of the publication process, ensures fairness to all contributors, and upholds the ethical standards of scholarly communication.

Plagiarism Policy

The Brooklyn Research and Publishing Institute (BRPI) is fully committed to upholding the highest standards of integrity, originality, and transparency in scholarly publishing. Plagiarism, in any form, constitutes a serious ethical violation and undermines the credibility of both the author and the research record. BRPI enforces a zero-tolerance policy toward plagiarism and related unethical practices in manuscript preparation, submission, and publication.

1. Definition of Plagiarism

Plagiarism involves the presentation of another person’s ideas, words, data, images, or creative work as one’s own without proper acknowledgment or permission. It includes, but is not limited to, the following forms:

Verbatim Copying: Reproducing text, tables, figures, or any other content from previously published or unpublished works without quotation marks, attribution, or reference.

Paraphrasing without Attribution: Rewriting another author’s work, findings, or arguments with minor modifications in wording or structure while retaining the original meaning, without appropriate citation.

Self-Plagiarism (Text Recycling): Republishing or reusing substantial portions of one’s own previously published material without citation or clear acknowledgment of prior publication. This includes duplicate submission of the same or highly similar manuscripts to multiple journals.

Data or Image Plagiarism: Presenting data, graphs, tables, or images from other sources as original work without appropriate citation or authorization.

Idea Plagiarism: Adopting original concepts, hypotheses, methods, or frameworks from another researcher without due acknowledgment, even if the text itself is not copied.

Mosaic or Patchwork Plagiarism: Combining sentences, phrases, or elements from various sources to create a composite text without proper citation.

Plagiarism can occur both intentionally and unintentionally; however, intent does not mitigate responsibility. Authors are expected to exercise due diligence in ensuring that all content is properly attributed and that citation standards are strictly followed.

2. Screening and Detection

All manuscripts submitted to BRPI undergo plagiarism screening prior to peer review. Advanced plagiarism detection software (such as iThenticate or a comparable tool) is used to assess textual similarity between the submission and existing published literature, including journal articles, conference proceedings, theses, preprints, and online resources.

Editorial staff review all similarity reports manually to distinguish between legitimate similarity (e.g., properly cited quotations or references) and unethical text reuse. The decision regarding the acceptability of a manuscript is based on both quantitative similarity thresholds and qualitative assessment of citation integrity.

If plagiarism or excessive text overlap is detected at any stage—before or after publication—the editorial office takes immediate action in accordance with COPE guidelines.

3. Acceptable Similarity Thresholds

BRPI recognizes that certain levels of textual similarity may be unavoidable, particularly in methodology sections, technical descriptions, or references to established terminology. However, manuscripts with a similarity index exceeding 15–20% (excluding references, quotations, and standard phrases) are subject to editorial scrutiny.

Any overlap identified within critical sections of the manuscript (abstract, results, discussion, or conclusion) is considered serious, regardless of the overall similarity percentage. Authors may be asked to revise the manuscript to eliminate overlapping material or to provide proper citations before further processing.

4. Editorial Actions in Cases of Plagiarism

If plagiarism is detected during pre-review assessment, the manuscript will be rejected outright, and the corresponding author will be notified with a detailed report. Authors may be barred from submitting to BRPI journals for a specified period, depending on the severity of the violation.

If plagiarism is detected after peer review but before publication, the editorial office will suspend the review process and request an explanation from the author(s). Unsatisfactory responses or confirmed ethical breaches will result in withdrawal of the manuscript from consideration.

If plagiarism is identified after publication, the journal will issue a formal retraction notice and mark the article as retracted in both the online and print versions. The retraction will include an explicit statement regarding the nature of the plagiarism. In severe cases, BRPI reserves the right to inform the authors’ affiliated institutions, funding bodies, or relevant regulatory authorities.

5. Responsibilities of Authors

Authors are responsible for ensuring the originality of their work prior to submission. Proper acknowledgment must be provided for all sources, including prior publications, datasets, or third-party materials used in the manuscript. Authors are encouraged to perform their own plagiarism checks using reliable software before submission.

When reusing material—such as figures, tables, or substantial text—from previous publications, authors must obtain written permission from the original copyright holder and include appropriate credit lines. All co-authors share equal responsibility for the integrity of the submission.

6. Responsibilities of Editors and Reviewers

Editors and peer reviewers are also expected to remain vigilant for potential plagiarism or text overlap during manuscript evaluation. Any suspected instance should be reported to the editorial office for formal investigation. The editorial team ensures that all such concerns are handled confidentially, fairly, and in alignment with established ethical standards.

7. Educational and Preventive Measures

BRPI promotes awareness of plagiarism and research ethics among authors, reviewers, and editors. Educational resources, author guidelines, and examples of proper citation practices are provided to support the responsible conduct of research and writing.

Authors found to have engaged in minor or unintentional plagiarism may receive guidance on ethical writing and citation, provided the issue is promptly corrected before publication. However, repeated or egregious violations will not be tolerated.

8. Policy Enforcement and Acknowledgment

By submitting a manuscript to BRPI, authors acknowledge that they have read, understood, and agreed to comply with this Plagiarism Policy. BRPI reserves the right to take corrective or disciplinary action as necessary to preserve the integrity of the scholarly record.

Copyright and Permissions Policy

The Brooklyn Research and Publishing Institute (BRPI) is dedicated to promoting the free and open dissemination of scholarly knowledge. All published materials are made available under the principles of open access to ensure that research outputs can be shared, reused, and built upon without unnecessary restrictions. To support this mission, BRPI applies the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0) to all published articles, unless otherwise stated.

This policy outlines the rights retained by authors, the permissions granted to readers and third parties, and the conditions under which BRPI manages copyright and licensing of scholarly content.

1. Copyright Ownership

Authors retain full copyright of their published work. Upon acceptance of an article, authors grant BRPI the non-exclusive right to publish, distribute, and archive the material in any format or medium, whether print or digital. This allows BRPI to make the work available to the widest possible audience while preserving the authors’ ownership and intellectual property rights.

The retention of copyright by authors ensures that the creators maintain control over the moral and scholarly integrity of their work. Authors are free to deposit their articles in institutional repositories, share them on personal websites, or distribute them through any other medium, provided that appropriate attribution to the original publication is maintained.

2. Licensing under Creative Commons (CC BY 4.0)

All articles published by BRPI are licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0). This license allows anyone to:

Share — copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format.

Adapt — remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, including commercial use.

Under this license, users must give appropriate credit to the original authors and the publisher, provide a link to the CC BY 4.0 license, and indicate if any changes were made. No additional restrictions may be applied that would legally restrict others from exercising the rights granted by the license.

This licensing framework supports the open access publishing model by encouraging the widest possible dissemination and reuse of scholarly content, while ensuring proper acknowledgment of original authorship and publication source.

3. Author Responsibilities and Warranties

Authors submitting to BRPI must confirm that their work is original and has not been published elsewhere in substantially the same form. Authors also warrant that the submission does not infringe upon any existing copyright, trademark, or intellectual property rights, and that necessary permissions have been obtained for any third-party materials included in the manuscript, such as images, tables, figures, or datasets.

If copyrighted material owned by another party is used, authors are responsible for obtaining written permission from the copyright holder prior to submission. Proper attribution and citation must be provided within the article. Failure to secure permissions for copyrighted materials may result in removal or retraction of the publication.

4. Permissions for Reuse and Reproduction

Since all content is published under the CC BY 4.0 license, permission to reuse, reproduce, or distribute material is not required from BRPI, provided that the reuse complies with the license terms. Users are free to include material in derivative works, educational resources, or commercial products, as long as the following conditions are met:

Attribution: Credit must be given to the original authors, article title, journal name, and BRPI as the publisher.

License Link: A clear link to the CC BY 4.0 license must be included.

Indication of Changes: Any modifications or adaptations must be clearly stated.

Examples of permitted uses include translation into other languages, inclusion in academic compilations, citation in textbooks, and use of figures or tables in presentations or derivative analyses.

5. Commercial Use and Derivative Works

The CC BY 4.0 license explicitly allows for both commercial use and the creation of derivative works. This means that others may reuse published material for commercial purposes or modify it to suit new research, teaching, or technological applications. Such flexibility supports innovation, collaboration, and knowledge transfer across disciplines and industries.

While derivative or commercial uses are encouraged, proper citation of the original source remains mandatory to preserve transparency and academic integrity.

6. Third-Party Content and Exceptions

In some cases, published articles may include third-party materials (such as figures, datasets, or images) not covered by the CC BY 4.0 license. These materials will be clearly indicated within the article, along with the applicable licensing terms or restrictions. Users seeking to reuse such content must contact the original rights holder to obtain permission, unless their intended use is permitted under applicable copyright exceptions or fair use provisions.

7. Archiving and Long-Term Access

All BRPI publications are deposited in digital repositories and indexing databases to ensure long-term preservation and accessibility. The open licensing framework ensures that future generations of scholars can freely access and reuse the content without legal or technical barriers.

8. Policy Summary

• Authors retain copyright and grant BRPI a non-exclusive publishing right.
• Articles are distributed under CC BY 4.0, enabling unrestricted use with proper attribution.
• Users are free to share, adapt, and use content for any purpose, including commercial applications.
• Proper attribution and license reference are mandatory for all reuses.
• Third-party materials may be subject to additional restrictions.

By adhering to the CC BY 4.0 license and transparent copyright practices, The Brooklyn Research and Publishing Institute upholds the principles of open access publishing—facilitating the global exchange of knowledge, encouraging scholarly collaboration, and advancing the accessibility and impact of academic research.

CrossMark Policy

DOI: https://doi.org/10.15640/crossmark-policy

The Brooklyn Research and Publishing Institute (BRPI) upholds the integrity, transparency, and reliability of the scholarly record. In the rapidly evolving landscape of academic publishing, providing readers, authors, and the broader research community with access to accurate and up-to-date information is essential. To support this objective, BRPI participates in the CrossMark initiative, a service provided by Crossref that enables verification of the current status of published works and provides access to any associated updates, corrections, or retractions in a standardized and accessible manner.

Purpose of CrossMark

CrossMark serves as a trusted mechanism for communicating the authenticity and currency of scholarly content. It allows readers to determine with confidence whether a publication represents the definitive version of the work or whether updates, corrections, or additional information have been issued post-publication. The CrossMark logo functions as a visible and interactive indicator that the content has been maintained to preserve accuracy and integrity throughout its lifecycle.

Implementation Across BRPI Publications

The CrossMark icon is displayed prominently on both HTML and PDF versions of all BRPI publications. Selecting this icon directs readers to a detailed CrossMark record, providing a comprehensive summary of the article’s current status, including any post-publication updates. This approach ensures that researchers, librarians, and readers have immediate access to authoritative information regarding the document under review.

Significance of the CrossMark Logo

An article displaying the CrossMark logo signifies BRPI’s dedication to maintaining content that is accurate and up-to-date, ensuring that the scholarly record consistently reflects the most current findings and information. The logo also communicates a commitment to transparency by clearly documenting any updates, corrections, or retractions, thereby fostering trust among readers, authors, and the academic community. Furthermore, the presence of the CrossMark logo indicates that a definitive version-of-record has been preserved, allowing users to distinguish between original publications, subsequent revisions, and any supplementary material associated with the article.

Types of Updates and Notifications

CrossMark provides information regarding a range of post-publication changes and editorial notices. These include corrections for minor errors that do not materially affect the conclusions or overall validity of the research; retractions issued for serious issues such as ethical violations, data fabrication, or errors that invalidate findings; addenda containing supplemental information that enhances or clarifies the original publication; editorial notes providing context or additional guidance from the publisher or editorial team; and article version updates, which reflect revisions to the article itself or to supplementary materials.

Metadata Submission and Maintenance

Comprehensive article metadata, including detailed update histories, is submitted to Crossref as part of CrossMark implementation. This ensures that the CrossMark system provides accurate, real-time information regarding the status of each publication. Maintaining up-to-date metadata enables users to access an authoritative record of any modifications, corrections, or retractions associated with a given article.

Benefits for the Research Community

CrossMark provides significant benefits to researchers, authors, and the academic community at large. By offering a reliable means to verify the currency of a publication, the initiative enhances confidence in scholarly communications and mitigates the unintentional dissemination of outdated or inaccurate information. It also promotes best practices in research transparency and encourages timely correction of errors or updates.

Verifying Article Status

The CrossMark logo appears on both the PDF version of an article and its webpage within the BRPI publication platform. Interaction with this logo provides immediate access to the article’s current status, including any corrections, updates, or editorial notices. This system ensures transparency and supports confidence in the accuracy and completeness of BRPI publications.

The adoption of CrossMark demonstrates BRPI’s commitment to upholding the highest standards of publishing ethics and scholarly reliability, ensuring that every published article remains a trustworthy contribution to the global academic record.

Editorial Support

For any questions or clarification regarding the publication process, the Executive Editor may be contacted at editor@thebrpi.org. The editorial team remains available to provide assistance at every stage of publication.